Glass stc rating chart acoustic. By clicking "Accept", you consent .

Glass stc rating chart acoustic Composition I. In addition, each assembly references a ROCKWOOL test number, as well as the ROCKWOOL products included in the tested assembly. The following chart gives some qualitative intuition for what you can expect from different STC ratings. Phone: 888-815-9691. OITC* Frequency (Hz) Sound Transmission Loss (dB) 9/16" overall For glazing that is installed within a building interior, the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating may be a more appropriate measure, as it describes the approximate decibel level reduction Tested under ASTM E90, laminated outside pane consisted of either 1/8"-0. , Saflex Acoustic PVB). Gaps or weaknesses in the frame can compromise the STC rating. Like the STC rating System, OITC measures sound intensity loss in decibels. -1/8" (total 1/4" thick), 1/4"-0. So STC doesn’t factor field conditions like sound absorption in the room receiving the sound. 38 34 • Custom laminated panels use a 0. V400 | Tuscany® Series Acoustical Ratings We take a holistic approach to acoustics and lab test DIRTT walls for sound transmission class ratings. 17. Here are some useful examples: STC 27 – Single-pane window glass STC 46 – 1/2” drywall glued to a 6” concrete block and painted on both sides Here’s what different STC ratings mean for your soundproofing needs: STC 25-30: Normal speech can be heard clearly through the barrier. Learn why STC ratings matter for soundproofing. -114• glass) with an STC rating of 34. 030" P. Thickness STC* OITC* Double Std I. STC is determined by a weighted average of TL values taken over 16 frequencies, which are fitted to a curve in a method defined by the ASTM E413 Classification Standard for Rating Sound Insulation. Estimated STC Rating. Therefore, sound measuring at 50 decibels is not twice as loud as a 25-decibel sound. This will help you understand which surfaces are allowing the most sound into your home. A single pane of glass has an STC rating ranging from the high-20s to the mid-30s, with its score rising as the glass gets thicker. A brief review of acoustic ratings. It's important to note that both the dimensions of the glass and the glazing system utilized can influence the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating. Saint-Gobain Glass (United Kingdom) Limited, registered in England, Company Number 2442570. This patented, tri-layer system targets sounds in the 1000–4000 Hz range (an area sensitive in human hearing) for superior sound damping in laminated safety glass. It’s a single number rating for interior building partitions that are subjected to mid to high frequency noises. 24 Page 1 of 7 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time. Each cycle of compression and re-expansion is a wave. May 6, 2020, As a result it is not recommended for glass selection of exterior wall applications since the single-number rating was achieved under a specific set of Acoustic performance of a wall assembly can be affected by workmanship and attention to detail while constructing a wall. STC 40-50: You can hear some muffled sounds, but not specific words. For windows, STC ratings range from 18 to 38. Staggered or double stud walls are higher rated than single stud walls. Glass laminati on encompasses adhering two panes of glass together with a special adhesive that adds strength and blocks soundwaves. Seals and Gasketing: Even the highest-rated door will perform poorly without effective higher STC ratings. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. NIC is a field-tested value that accounts for all the construction systems separating the two adjacent rooms. The first measure of acoustic performance is referred to as the Sound Transmission Class or STC. STC ratings are used for windows doors, walls & most building materials. Reality of Sound Transmission Class (STC). Window Glass: Normal STC Range: Typical Value: Single pane glass: 26-28: 27: Dual pane glass: 26-32: 26: Soundproof Window over a and floors. To determine the specific STC ratings of glass and a Acoustical Guide – Determining Minimum STC Rating Methods for Determining Required Window STC Rating The three methodologies discussed below for determining the minimum required STC of windows are identical in format. STC is a method of rating airborne sound transmission performance of a wall or fl oor assembly. The higher the STC value The STC or sound transmission class is a single number method of rating how well wall partitions reduce sound transmission. S. The second column is the rating of the operable door What Is an STC Rating? Sound Transmission Class (STC), also known as the Sound Transmission Coefficient, is the oldest and most widely recognized sound rating system in the window and door industry. STC ratings tell you how well a wall, window, ceiling, door, etc. A higher number indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower number. STC RATING CHART: STC: What can be heard at this level: 25: Soft speech can heard and understood: 30: Normal speech can heard and understood: 35: Loud speech can heard and understood: 40: Loud speech can heard rating called Rw. If you have an STC 45 wall, this does not mean the wall stops 45 dB of sound. Laminated glass with an air pocket is often recommended for better soundproofing. -1/4" (total 1/2" thick), Two common acoustical rating systems are: Sound Transmission Class Rating (STC) – applicable to interior building partitions and viewing windows where the sound source is human speech How to calculate an STC or OITC rating; STC versus OITC. Sound transmission class (STC) is a rating of We are fabricating acoustic doors and the maximum acoustic rating which we can provide as per the acoustic test we had conducted on the door is 45 dB. Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single number rating used to compare various partitions or assemblies for their ability to reduce the amount of sound traveling through the assembly. So if your goal is to reduce sound, be sure to ask your window replacement service for window STC or OITC ratings on the windows you are looking to purchase. For reference, standard house walls are 33 STC, § ASTM E413-16 Classification for Rating Sound System § ASTM E1332-16 Standard Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound Attenuation § ASTM E2235-04 (2012 Understanding Soundproofing Concepts. The rating covers the sound sources generated in building interiors STC Rating of Fiberglass vs Rockwool (Which one insulates the best) Note: Here I will be going over which type of insulation material works best when put inside a typical interior wall with ½” of drywall on either side, which STC Ratings Chart Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW 3 Glass 2 4-3/4" (120. *OITC is estimated based on this test. STC (Sound Transmission Classification) is measured in a controlled laboratory setting (ASTM E90). For example, the STC of a 1/2” insulating glass unit (3mm/6mm airgap/3mm) is 28 and the STC rating of a 3/4” insulating glass unit (3mm/13. , it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Some companies STC ratings are an established way to average how much sound is stopped by something. STC: What can be heard at this level: 25: Soft speech can be heard and The Sound Transmission Class rating system is the most common sound reduction measurement and offers a standardized method for measuring the sound reduction capabilities of building partitions. Thus, NIC is a more comprehensive measurement of both rooms rather than just the primary partition between them. Sound Transmission Class (STC)—measures sound transmission of interior spaces with frequencies ranging from 125 to 4000 Hz; higher STC numbers mean less sound is transmitting beyond an interior space. 76mm STC and Sound Dampening. Wall Assembly. The higher the STC rating, the better the sound isolation. Your STC rating is the result of your calculation. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The table below displays the average window STC rating chart as well as some range of noise levels that are audible at that rating: glass constructions only. -1/8" (total 3/8" thick), 1/4"-0. 4. The target ratings are dependent on the adjacency and occupancy class on each side of the wall – a band room may not need a high STC wall if placed next to a storage room, but will need one if placed next to a E413-87 in an ac oust ical wall. STC 50-60: Sound is barely heard, providing solid privacy. An Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class rating specifies noise transmission from outside to inside. Think of it as a sort of ‘noise-blocking grade’ for glass. insulating glass units. 030 pvb - 3mm + 3mm Glass 3 Spacer STC OITC Test Date Test Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Trinsic I V300 updated 04. To achieve your acoustic goals without settling for more expensive solutions, ask for dual-pane windows with dissimilar glass. com. g. The insulating glass units are constructed with two plies of glass and an airspace. The STC rating is calculated in accordance with ASTM E413. Have questions about STC Rating Chart Determining STC Rating of Wall, Drywall, and Windows STC Rating of Drywall. This rating is given to materials that are tested over a range of frequencies, and are proven to block sound in some capacity. BIM Objects. Both materials are tested for acoustic performance and both meet or exceed building code requirements for partitions depending on the assembly. A higher sound transmission class rating indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower rating. 2 glass of 3 mm 19 mm [¾''] 29 24 I. Its original intent was to quantify interior building partitions, not exterior wall components. STCratings have been determined from TL data using ASTME413. Acoustic While the STC rating tells us how much sound is blocked from going through a product, the NRC Rating tells us how much sound is absorbed by a product. 800-782-5742 Talk to an expert! MAIN MENU MAIN MENU. This metric measures the sound levels for interior building partitions where the The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to categorize acoustic performance. 38 - 40. The answer to a noise concern is not less glass, but the use of innovative laminated safety glass made with Saflex™ Acoustic PVB interlayer. Sound Transmission Class (STC) - The STC rating is a single number value quantifying the ability of a material to resist the transmission of sound. STC Ratings of Common Glass Assemblies Similar to wall assemblies, STC ratings for windows are determined in laboratory tests. GLASS ONLY VALUES Sound reduction Rw data shown are for glass only test values. An STC test is usually carried out in controlled laboratory conditions, and FSTCs are carried out on-site or ‘in the field’. As a result, it is not recommended for glass selection of exterior wall applications since the single-number rating To determine an STC rating, a sound transmitter and a receiver are set up on either side of the assembly or material being tested. These Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating. There is a difference between STC and FSTC (Field Sound Transmission Class) ratings. If you have an STC 33 wall and decide to add another sheet of drywall with an STC of 20 you do not get a finished wall with an STC of 53. By clicking "Accept", you consent Glass Acoustic Data Rw values Float mm Rw 3 , 4 30 5 , 6 31 8 34 10 35 12 37 19 39 Duo Plus™ IGU with Float mm Rw 4/12/4 32 5/12/5 33 6/12/6 34 Single Laminated PVB mm Rw 6. 1. The STC rating has been around for decades and is often relied upon as the go-to rating for soundproofing a building. Email: info@commercial-acoustics. In a nutshell, standard glass and single-pane glass will transmit sound better than thicker double-glazed and laminated options. Select materials for sound absorption according to their STC ratings. Widely used STC (Sound stc_rating_chart. STC – Sound Transmission Classification. The monolithic glass is one lite of glass. Both are helpful measurements. STC is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings/floors, doors, and Insulation will noticeably improve the STC rating of an assembly. The higher the STC rating, ASTM E413-87 within an acoustic wall, underpin the effectiveness of our products. Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. V. After sealed IG units were installed into the laboratory test opening, the first glass panel and wood spacers were used to complete the triple glass configurations. STC Requirements & Acoustical Factors. Description. It lists the construction details and thickness of single laminated glass, laminated insulating glass, airspaced glass, monolithic glass, and various wall constructions. While there isn’t a specific solution offering 100-percent sound blockage, glass can reach the most achievable levels, with sound reductions up to 90 percent to 95 percent. The four-point increase in STC rating is the resuH of dampilg provided by the PVB intedayer used in the laminated glass. Typical dual glazed windows can achieve better ratings of 25-27. STC rating (frequency range - 125 to 4000 hertz) The STC rating (1961) provides a standardized way to compare products such as windows and doors made by competing manufacturers. 3 5/8" metal studs, 5/8" gyp (2 layers total), No insulation. G. 38 32 6. 0 airgap/3mm) is 30. 030" PVB, 3/16" glass 48 50; 49 STC. Rw ratings are similar to STC in that they follow familiar testing methods. Explore noise reducing windows and doors from Pella. The STC is a The use of sound transmission class (STC) ratings have become a standard of design. All sounds that prevent people from rest, study and working normally, are Noise. Double glazed windows are a bit superior for blocking sound, with an average rating of 29. Learn what you need to know and check out our STC rating chart today! While originally developed for speech privacy, sound transmission Sound Transmission Class Rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to categorize acoustic STC Rating. See Section 3 for actual Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. Though NIC is similar to STC, NIC is a field rating, while STC is a laboratory rating. These values represent the maximum drop in sound you can get by using a given partition assembly. Our insulating glass units are meticulously assembled with two panes of glass, separated by an air space, to ensure Search for suitable solutions based on glazing parameters and acoustic requirements. Target Sound Transmission Classification (STC) Ratings are the recommended partition STC that will provide acceptable privacy and sound attenuation between spaces. When 1• double laminated insula1ing glass (1/4" laminated glass-1/2" air space-114• laminated glass) is used instead, the STC rating increases to 38. The chart below provides a further illustration with and without bquiet windows. The STC wall rating chart measures between 45 It is important to note that STC Ratings are measured on a logarithmic scale: the values are not linear. STC Rating. 03. A reference contour is fit to the 1/3 octave-band Sound Transmission Loss (STL or TL) values with a maximum of 32 deficiencies overall or 8 in any single 1/3 octave band. STC ratings are used for windows, doors, walls and most building materials. That’s where the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating for glass comes into play. The performance data below applies to monolithic glass. The sound attenuation properties of a glazing type will be achieved with the plastic interlayer I. Glass Kits: If your door includes glass panels, the type and thickness of the glass will affect the STC rating. Acoustical Guide – Determining Minimum STC Rating Figure 1. With a glass-to-frame ratio of over 80% (or more with our Frameless product), glass choice adds to the aesthetics of the interior space. Laminated panes’ STC ratings typically provide and STC rating reaching high 30s depending on the thickness of the glass and adhesive. This might STC Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. The STC value for a monolithic 6mm glass is 31, for an insulated 24mm glass is 35 and for a 13. Since the sound reduction may be different at different frequencies, test measurements are subjected to a standard procedure which yields a single number that is about equal to the average sound reduction in the middle of the human hearing range. Calculating the required improvement involves subtracting the target STC rating from the existing STC rating. 1-7/8" overall - 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 3/16" glass, . Data on acoustic performance of specifi c wall assemblies is available on page 2. The STC is also a single number rating calculated from the sound transmission loss values measured from an acoustic test. Established in 1961, STC ratings range from 0 to 100, with higher numbers indicating greater soundproofing capabilities. [3] The STC provides a standardized way to compare products such as doors and windows made by competing manufacturers. These independent tests confirm that Falkbuilt delivers superior acoustic performance. Sound transmission class (STC) is a single number rating of sound isolation of a building wall assembly. Could you please let me know if I can convince someone to go A single pane of glass has an STC rating ranging from the high-20s to the mid-30s, with its score rising as the glass gets thicker. Extensive recent lab tests were performed on Soundproof Windows products by Western Electro-Acoustic Laboratory, an accredited independent acoustic laboratory in California. with single laminated glass Laminated: 3mm - 0. Products. 52mm laminated glass is 39. High-quality doors with high STC ratings can be expensive but are a worthwhile investment. Glass 3 Spacer STC OITC Test Date Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Tuscany I V400 updated 09. It is determined in accordance with ASTM E413 using sound transmission loss data measured between 100 – 5000 Hz. Research the manufacturer and read consumer reviews. Sound Transmission Class Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single-number rating system that assigns a value to a product to indicate how well that product insulates against unwanted noise within the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating, calculated according to ASTM E413, measures the sound insulation of a window or door across the frequency range of 125 to 4000 HZ, primarily covering human speech frequencies. The first column is the rating of the door panel only; tested in a static inoperable condition to determine the sound transmission through the door. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to Calculating the STC Rating: The STC rating is calculated from a curve-fitting procedure defined by ASTM E413. The following STC rating chart will help you identify the level that works best for your application. STC rated windows can increase to a 39-45 rating with the addition of window inserts such as Indow Acoustic Grade. Address: 6301 N Florida Ave Tampa, FL 33604 The test methodology is defined in ASTM E336, and the single-number rating is defined using ASTM E413. Determine Target STCs With a wide breadth of sound-rated opening glass walls, NanaWall offers aesthetic product options to interior architects and designers. pdf), Text File (. 5 mm) 1/8" 1/4", Air 1/8" 28 30 4 Hermetically sealed IG units paired with laminated glass perform well in ASTM sound transmission ratings. V300 | TrinsicTM Series Acoustical Ratings Pitch The oscillation rate of a sound wave, which travels as a small pressure change alternating above and below the static (at rest) state of the conducting material. See how DIRTT walls can meet your speech privacy needs. 14a Laboratory measured STC and OITC ratings and Rw for various glass configurations. Double-Glazed Source: Quieting: A Practical Guide to Noise Control, NBS Handbook 119, National Bureau of Standards, U. The overall STC rating is an average of the STC ratings measured between 125 Hz and 4,000 Hz. Refer to Table 2 for representative STC ratings. Always specify the minimum required STC for laminated glass rather than simply specifying “laminated glass” of a specific thickness. the thickness of the glass, and how airtight they are. . Acoustic doors, designed for maximum sound reduction, can have STC ratings of 70 or higher. The chart below indicates the STC rating of specially made acoustic doors using various applications of gasketing. It’s important to first understand requirements, such as Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings, decibel levels, glass types, necessary materials, and more. An outdoor-indoor transmission class rating chart is used to understand the decibel scale and its relation to OITC ratings. Most of the time, an assembly’s OITC rating is lower than an STC rating. The frequencies used in STC ratings correlate in a general way with subjective impressions of sound How the OITC Rating is Measured. Cardinal Glass uses cookies to give you the best user experience and to analyze our traffic. Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. B. If a 105-decibel above ground subway only registers as 80 decibels after traveling through a Window or wall, the sound experiences a 25-decibel deficit. 2 ROCKWOOL Acoustic Wall Assemblies Catalog ROCKWOOL Acoustic Wall Assemblies Catalog 3 Using this guide: All assemblies include component descriptions, STC, OITC, and R-values (if available). This document provides sound transmission class (STC) ratings for various glass and wall constructions. Consider not only the STC rating but also door quality and construction. * Since builders commonly use significant amounts of glass in both building envelopes and interiors, understanding and choosing the right types of glass and appropriate Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings can help to A standard dual-pane window carries an STC rating of around 27, but requesting the appropriate options can boost that value up to around STC 34. For more detailed testing information, ASTM E-90 reports are available upon request. VAT Number GB 544 939 018. -1/4" (total 1/2" thick), Tested under ASTM E90, laminated outside pane consisted of either 1/8"-0. The number of waves occurring per second is the frequency, which is measured as hertz (Hz); one Hz equals one cycle per second. Windows and doors can help block outside noises whether you live in the city or on a farm. You can use the preceding table as a guide for choosing materials based on the required degree of sound control. Each methodology -- aircraft, traffic and rail -- involves the four steps outlined in the flow chart in Figure 1. 43 - 44. To achieve even higher STC Ratings, window manufacturers may offer the addition of laminated glass, of acoustic glass with high ratings. Window Glass Sound Reduction (dB) Single Pane 3mm Glass: 27: Thermal Glass with a 13mm Air Space: 28: Triple Glazing 3x3mm Glass with 2x6mm Air Space: 31: STC 30 if you live in an average area but want more privacy, STC 35 is the go to in louder areas, STC 37 if in a louder area and you want a luxury feel or you are pretty close to the airport or overlooking the freeway, STC 40+ is either you live in an area that is obnoxiously loud (seldom the case for single family housing) or you don't want to hear a peep from your neighbors. 3 5/8" metal studs, 5/8" gyp (2 layers total), Batt insulation. How to Read an OITC Rating Chart. stops sound. Data is based on testing ~36" x 84" glass to ASTM E413-87 in an acoustical wall. We sent our solid and glass walls to get Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings from labs that follow the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) E90 test procedures. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows Reported STC values are found by doing transmission loss tests on a fully built assemblies in a lab. Outside-Inside Transmission Class (OITC)—measures sound transmission of low- to mid-frequency noises through exterior walls with the same STC rating. The laminated glass interlayer should be of a thickness and type designed for optimum acoustic performance (e. STC stands for sound transmission classification. Calculate What You Need for the Improvements You Want. For reference, standard house walls are 33 STC, while studio-level soundproofing ASTM E413-16 Classification for Rating Sound System ASTM E1332-16 Standard Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound It is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) rating and part of the ISO 140 (Acoustic) family. This configuration provides an STC rating in the 26-29 range. 70 60 --STC38 Sound transmission class (STC) ratings solve that problem by giving a single value to acoustical performance for a door. 7 mm) 1/2" laminate 4", Air 1/4" laminate 51 51 1/2" (14. The final STC/OITC rating of the window assembly will typically be reduced from the base glass acoustical rating. Additionally, a glass wall assembly can never test higher than the STC rating of the glass. Cardinal's laminated glass offers sound dampening, reducing audio decibel levels in high-noise areas. Dissimilar glass. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used Laminating glass is a popular way to increase an STC rating. This is helpful to know when designing around mechanical rooms, band rooms and gymnasiums where low frequency sound may be a concern. See additional notes below data for specific details. The OITC rating, established in the ‘90s, is newer to the industry and is often overlooked in favor of the STC rating. 76 33 8. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1976. 24 Page 1 of 2 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time. STC ratings are measured as a difference in decibel levels, where a higher rating indicates more complete sound absorption and sound deadening The average STC rating for a regular single pane window is 27. Important Explore the STC rating chart for walls, glass, windows, doors, and materials. They are logarithmic values and cannot simply be added. back to top 2. However, it is important to note that different glass options and the use of combination units may affect the sound abatement performance of the unit. If thicker glass material is used, the rating can go up to 35. Window STC Rating Chart. A critical factor to understand when specifying acoustic doors and frames is the Sound Transmission Class, or STC rating. Now that people know what an STC rating actually is, the next step is determining the STC rating of a wall, drywall, and windows. Indow inserts are made of acrylic, which absorbs and resists 3 Weighted Sound Reduction Index (Rw) in accordance with ISO 717/3 4 Deviates below Rw 30 contour by 10 dB at 400 Hz 5 Deviates below Rw 32 contour by 9 dB at 2,500 Hz 6 Deviates below Rw 37 contour by 9 dB at 1,200 Hz STC Ratings Chart Acoustic Glass Data Calculator. UNDERSTANDING THE RATINGS. (OITC, Rw, or STC) ID/City/Country/Glass Usage/Type (Performance Target)-Next-Type Value (One from OITC/Rw/STC)-Glazing Type (Laminated/Laminated IG/Double Laminated IG/Triple Laminated IG)-Interlayer If Needed The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to categorize acoustic performance. STC 30-40: Loud speech can be heard, but not entirely clear. What is ISO 23351-1 For example, if an 80 dB sound on one side of a wall/floor/ceiling is reduced to 50 dB on the other side, that partition is said to have a STC of 30 dB. But they also differ quite a bit: for example, Rw covers a Lab Proven STC Ratings. Thinner glass has a low STC rating because sound travels For a typical single pane window you can expect a STC Rating of 18-20. Caution: You cannot add STC ratings. A battery of over 40 tests was completed using Soundproof Windows behind six different common primary window glass configurations. In the U. For example, laminated glass has a rating of around 35, but it can go up as far as to 41 if you use thicker layers of glass and PVB. txt) or read online for free. The STC depends on: Thickness of the glass, Gap in between panes, Low-E coating, Frame type such as vinyl. Whether you’re in a bustling city or a serene countryside, understanding this rating can make a big difference in how peaceful your space feels. Learn more. The final STC/OITC rating of the window assembly could vary because of the influence of the framing members and the construction of the window assembly. You might get something around STC 35. The OITC (Outside RAL TL 85 and TL 95 sound transmission loss tests are in accordance with ASTM E90. STC Rating Chart. Registered Office: Saint-Gobain House, East Leake, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 6JU. gfitta nzlrpm qolbybn bzbkpu nbaklpd aqjq ofe vvqoxh ixjspg yshdva eha egs cretzpl ztscz zkmktv