Createreadstream from string. Get-FileHash command (using its -InputStream parameter).

const fr = fs. May 4, 2012 · In netstandard2. Different way to create Streams: Using Collection. But API didn't put it on the option. toString() convert Buffer to string. ToString() another by GetBytes() ). on('data' handle date reading from stream. createReadStream() creates one hooked to a file. To get a buffer from a Readable stream, you can use. let readStream = fs. TypedArray and DataView lets you handle binary data with types like Int32Array or Uint8Array. At the low level, the class essentially wraps a raw string device implementation of std::basic_stringbuf into a higher-level Jan 8, 2024 · 1. clear (): Used to clear the stream. createWriteStream method. createReadStream is a method that creates a readable stream for a file. from([&quot;My String&quot @BrianVandenberg The closest would be asprintf(), which is also not provided by all platforms. marshal(Object,Outputstream) is for working with XML. …said plenty of Node. latin-1) encoded string. path to file to stream read. Readable. I want to create that string with the least overhead. var str = Encoding. The promise is fulfilled with no arguments upon success. You can also create a stream with a builder pattern. The pending property is a boolean which is true if the underlying file hasn’t been opened yet, or before the ready event is Aug 31, 2021 · 0. Seek(0, SeekOrigin. Then we use the new String() to create a new String Jan 15, 2020 · The path property is a string or a buffer that gets us the reference to the file. Aug 16, 2023 · using var writer = new StreamWriter(stream, encoding, -1, true); writer. 8. All streams created by Node. The StreamReader is initializing StreamReader (stream stream) instead of StreamReader (string). As of March 2024, utility consumers provide the following functions to consume streams: arrayBuffer, blob, buffer, json, text. In this tutorial, you will learn multiple approaches to creating StringStream in C#. That is not how that API works. So, fs. I tried converting it to ReadStream via stream-buffers (but server still not accepted that data) and also I tried to make a Blob from it but Node don't have blobs and all these modules on Aug 7, 2012 · But now I've only the Text String, so I need something like this: Dim Stream as Stream = ReadToStream(Text, System. To pipe through ReadableStream, use readableStream. In this tutorial, we’ll explore details about the Java class OutputStream. concat(chunks) join all chunks into single buffer. public static void LoadAndParse() string csvData = @"text. valueOf(( char) c)); 5. Something that’s compatible with standard writeables! Mar 8, 2024 · Terminal operation mark the end of the stream and return the result. doc') What I want to do is creating a same ReadStream object by fs module from a file Based64 encoded String. To make a stream from an array of things that are neither strings nor buffers, you need both the readable stream and the writable stream to be in "Object Mode". Copy. With this. Xml. In this example, the new “object” is merely a string. I tried this unsuccessfully. options can include start and end values to read a range of bytes from the file instead of the entire file. Position. . UTF_8)); Using Apache Commons IO. Feb 24, 2010 · 7. The readable part is a normal string (the stringified object). Js? in TypeScript. Java 8 brings a new lines () method to the BufferedReader. js filesystem module is named as fs. readable. createReadStream. ToArray () returns a copy of the data with the correct size. Thanks! Apr 24, 2023 · Reading a String from InputStream is a very common requirement in several types of applications where we have to read a file from a network stream or from a file system. memStream. However, you MUST handle the first row headers and newline characters manually! May 3, 2021 · For aws-sdk V2, there was createReadStream(), this is seems to be the way in v3. js, you need to first import or require the native filesystem module. data can be a string, a buffer, an <AsyncIterable>, or an <Iterable> object. Mar 11, 2024 · A stringstream associates a string object with a stream allowing you to read from the string as if it were a stream (like cin). answered Aug 31, 2021 at 4:27. rStream. OpenAsync method. The next plot shows the same data, but only for the last two functions: Jan 11, 2013 · Longer answer. Inking for my UWP app, and I have used the following code to serialize the data: var stream = new Apr 1, 2018 · Reading asynchronously via async iteration #. Jul 30, 2019 · Here we will see the string stream in C++. The reason I want this is that I need to digest a string, and not contents of a file. So lets take a look as some examples of working with readable streams May 27, 2013 · It seems that the correct way to do this is to create the MemoryStream using the default constructor. Call the StreamReader. println(output); FYI: my method call marshaller. js v11. I tryed the folowing things: import * as stream from 'stream' dataStream = stream. Implementations return the number of bytes read. Jul 29, 2015 · There are two ways we can convert String to InputStream in Java, Using ByteArrayInputStream. createReadStream as it is sent out in chunks as it is being read, while as fs. Feb 10, 2010 · You can write a StringBuilder to a Stream without materializing the entire string: // Write data to StringBuilder Stream stream = GetStream(); // Get output stream from somewhere. let mut encrypted_chunk = vec![0u8; encrypted_block_size]; Jan 4, 2021 · Moving maximum of memory usage of createReadStream, read, and readFileSync. UI. e. We clearly see that the worst is readFileSync, which took over 1GB of memory. May 15, 2024 · Up until now, we were using strings to create a request body and also to read the content of the response. The string 'latin-1' is not supported. Bitmap(Stream) EDIT: This engine was primarily used for downloading web pages but I'm trying to use it for downloading images too. It is safe to use a charset argument in String#getBytes (charset) method above. var stringBytes = System. createReadStream(create stream to read data from (file in our case) /var/www/examples/test. Print the Stream. Implementing read streams in Node. Basic methods are: clear ()- To clear the stream. Using this we can read from string as if it were a stream like cin. createReadStream module now. Options i have already tried. String str = "String contents"; InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(str. txt - path to file to stream read,. I have looked around for ways to achieve this, I am guessing it has something to do with creating readstreams from buffer and piping to response, but I most of the examples dealt with reading actual files from disk, I don't want to read from disk, i just want to respond with a file created from a string. Sep 25, 2023 · Readable byte streams are readable streams that have an underlying byte source of type: "bytes", and which support efficient zero-copy transfer of data from the underlying source to a consumer (bypassing the stream's internal queues). Starting with Node. You can apparently pass the path in a Buffer object, but it still must be an acceptable OS path when the Buffer is converted to a string. Just create the stringstream - optionally providing a single string to the constructor - then use operator<< in a second statement: std::stringstream ss; ss << "Number of people is " << numPeople; Dec 27, 2015 · I have a stream whose next N bytes are a UTF8 encoded string. Nov 24, 2021 · Node. stream. These are like below −. The current position within the stream is advanced by the number of bytes read; however, if an exception occurs, the current position within the stream remains unchanged. input. I found a way how it works but that includes creating a file locally (with fs) and then creating a readStream from the just created file. Here's an example of how this could be done if we suppose that the stream represents UTF-8 encoded bytes: using (var reader = new StreamReader(foo. ' Remember the position so we can restore it later. txt. You need an ostream, then you can do Create (String, XmlReaderSettings, XmlParserContext) Creates a new XmlReader instance by using the specified URI, settings, and context information for parsing. Readable is a generic thing. valueOf () or Character. Apr 6, 2017 · According to Node's v6. Input. Create (String, Int32, FileOptions, FileSecurity) Creates or overwrites a file in the specified path, specifying a buffer size, options that describe how to create or overwrite the file, and a value that determines the access control and audit security for the file. I want to convert that string into a file and send it via FormData to another API. <Extension()> _. push(JSON. UTF_8); Using CharStreams (Guava) String result = CharStreams. setEncoding() supports any of the encodings implemented in Node per Buffer docs for Encodings. OpenAsync(Windows. Attempt 1: Using the string-to-stream library. MemoryStream(); and then write to it. on('end' fire when stream Jan 13, 2020 · I have this function function getData(file, type) { let data = []; fs. pipeTo() or readableStream. For example, to retrieve it as an array buffer: export async function streamToArrayBuffer(stream: ReadableStream<Uint8Array>): Promise<Uint8Array> {. Read(bytes, 0, n); // my actual code checks return value. Next, with a much lower footprint, is createReadStream. In this quick article, we would learn how to use the Stream API to split a comma-separated String into a list of Strings and how to join a String array into a comma-separated String. Stream type to pass to another method. If you will give more context about the image source and destination then I would be able to help you deal with that. FileStream Create ( string path, int Sep 23, 2019 · You cannot use createReadStream without a path parameter. 10. _read = => {readable. ToArray(); var str = Encoding. ): const fs = require (“fs May 15, 2022 · The createWriteStream () method is an inbuilt application programming interface of fs module which allows to quickly make a writable stream for the purpose of writing data to a file. So I'm wondering is there more options that API didn't write on the document. Note: This feature is available in Web Workers. Unless your lines are of fixed, identical length, there is NO way to know where line 10,000 starts without reading from the beginning of the file and counting lines until you get to line 10,000. buffer from a Writable stream -> wStream. Processing many files this is super slow and ends in a timout most of the time. Example :-. The buffer may larger than the size of used data. Here we append each line into a list, so that we can demonstrate iterating over the file-like object and keeping a handle on the data. If using a StreamReader is a requirement then convert the string to a memory stream and then create a new StreamReader using that object: new MemoryStream(Encoding. Syntax: Parameters: This method accept two fs. This serves as an abstraction over the top of an underlying sink —a lower-level I/O sink into which raw data is written. from io import StringIO # Python 3 import. push (note the classic function notation there), we push this new object to our stream into the next stage. All other alternatives either have severe security problems because they can overrun the supplied buffer (sprintf() and fmemopen()), or force you to run the string generation twice to avoid failing when your preallocated buffer is too small (snprintf()). createReadStream( path, options ) Parameters: This method accept two parameters as mentioned above and described below: path: This parameter holds the path of the file Jan 25, 2019 · Let us look at NodeJS’s fs. Text. GetBytes(sb. js script: Jan 29, 2019 · But i'm already having an array of user data in my api which i need to pass as a read stream. May 4, 2017 · In Node. (The codes is coffeescript) formData: file: fs. readAllBytes() API converts the input stream to bytes. IO. _read = () => {}; readStream. The most commonly used methods and operators from this class are: All of the examples of stream creation I have encountered are centered around file. var stream = await sampleFile. Stream stream = new StringReader(contents); Mar 27, 2020 · Because the file is potentially very big, I want to do this in a stream. In order to convert a stream to a string you need to use an encoding. 924 3 11 33. They are intended for use cases where data might be supplied or requested in arbitrary sized and potentially very large chunks, and hence where avoiding making Oct 20, 2008 · method call =>> marshaller. createReadStream is an example of a readable stream, and as such it can only be used to read data from a file, which differs from Writable and Duplex streams. readFile will read the entire file out and only then start sending it to the client. Photo by Arnie Chou from Pexels. Jan 31, 2021 · fs. Length); . 2 API - options is an object or string with the following defaults: { flags: 'r', encoding: null, fd: null, mode: 0o666, autoClose: true } But I've seen highWaterMark property being used to set Buffer size. To use stringstream, we need to include sstream header file. stream () method. createReadStream() and follow what it calls you can find that it ends up calling fileURULtoPath(url) which will throw if it's not a file: URL. g. Begin); Mar 22, 2021 · I want to do this: How to create streams from string in Node. XmlReader Create ( string inputUri, System. Position = 0. The client will also start receiving data faster using fs. you can use this method in order to read the instance of a Stream (a MemoryStream instance as well since Stream is the super of MemoryStream): private static string ReadStreamInChunks(Stream stream, int chunkLength) {. createReadStream('file. Stream Reader (String) Wouldn't it be more correct to push() the buffer inside the _read() method? I. Position = 0; return stream; } This method has two parameters. It could be the string Nov 3, 2017 · TypeError: path must be a string or Buffer However the document of Nodejs says that Buffer is acceptable by fs. on('data' - handle date reading from stream, buf - buffer gets data chunk read from stream. May 30, 2024 · In the second callback method, the flush method, we are transforming the collected data to a JSON string. 2019. if decrypted_length < start + length {. If you talk about getting a string out of what was written into a stringstream, you can use ostringstream::str: ostringstream o; o << "This is a number: " << 42; std::string str = o. Aug 11, 2022 · fs. Unfortunately, this is not described in the fs doc, but if you look at the source code for fs. Instead simply pass 'binary' to use 'latin-1' encoding. to user ItsASine does a great job of illustrating how to use fs only-- long story short, use fs. Not sure it matters, but allowing the stream to manage the timing of when data is fed into seems less likely to run into unexpected behavior. Public Function ReadAll(ByVal memStream As MemoryStream) As String. I am working with an interface that requires me to pipe a read stream to a write stream. Storage. Noob. It reads the file in chunks and emits them sequentially, which allows for handling large files efficiently. toString(inputStream, StandardCharsets. codePoints() . Dim pos = memStream. js Docs you can specify both start and end options when creating the stream:. I do not want to temporarily store said string in a file just to digest it. createReadStream() does not work with http URLs only file:// URLs or filename paths. getBytes(StandardCharsets. I stream from internet using http. str (): To get and set the string object whose content is present in stream. mapToObj(c -> String. I also write stream into file, but I don't want to write file and after that open the same file and read from it So I need to convert stream into string Thanks for all advices Jun 2, 2015 · If your file is so large that you get a "process out of memory" when you try to load it, then you need to understand that you will never have all the data at any one time. Sep 2, 2019 · This particular code snippet from Dev. ReadToEnd() method and assign the result to a string. How to read input stream to string Jun 20, 2024 · Overview of createReadStream. FileAccessMode. In Node. createReadStream using gridfs-stream write string to gridfs. createReadStream(path[, options Feb 3, 2016 · I have got stream and I need to get stream content into string. toString () to convert the characters to a String object: Stream<String> stringStream = testString. Feb 26, 2023 · The StringStream class in C++ is derived from the iostream class. Example:-. UTF8) Dim Image As New Drawing. Write(sampleString); writer. Write(stringBytes, 0, stringBytes. Sep 14, 2020 · To create a read stream in Node. encoding <string> | <null> The expected character encoding when data is a string. _readableState. Now we need to make use of a method called createReadStream() on the fs object. StreamReader has a method ReadBlock. This serves as the superclass for all classes representing an output stream of bytes. Length); Jan 31, 2018 · The code below is working well, read a file from actual file by 'fs' package and send it by ReadStream object by createReadStream method. I figured it out: const stream = createReadStream(); Then turned converted the stream into a buffer and passed that to my function. push(buffer); readable. Overview. js, to get the number of bytes in the string, you can use Buffer. This method may be a smarter option compared to methods like fs. UploadStream, Encoding. marshal( (Object) toWrite , (OutputStream) output); then to print the string or get it just reference the "output" stream itself As an example, to print the string out to console =>> System. To start using the fs module, include the following line of code (Node. getBuffer() So, using a highWaterMark option now I can manage chunks. forName("UTF-16"). Jan 18, 2018 · I want to make a string fit for consumption as a stream, by e. You'll need to stream the file through JSONStream parse streams whenever you need to read data from it, querying only for what you need at that mome Nov 2, 2016 · You can then use one of the several methods to retrieve the object as a string, a JSON object, an array buffer or something else. Writing String to Steam is a frequent job in Java and having a couple of good shortcuts will prove useful. createReadStream(path, options) Parameters: path: It holds the path to the file which has to be read. XmlParserContext inputContext); Stream Reader (Stream, Encoding, Boolean, Int32, Boolean) Initializes a new instance of the StreamReader class for the specified stream based on the specified character encoding, byte order mark detection option, and buffer size, and optionally leaves the stream open. After JDK 7+ you can use. createReadStream will read the file in chunks of the size you specify. However, we can optimize our application by improving performance and memory usage with streams. readFile will load the entire file into memory as you pointed out, while as fs. The Stringstream has different methods. I'm trying to do something like this: let stream = stream::unfold(decrypted_init_length, |decrypted_length| async move {. B. Aug 28, 2013 · string exp // expression (A and 10 in this case but could hold expressions like (a*b)-c ) question is given the following code, how do I access those values and store them in memory? Also the exp string is of variable size (can be just a variable or an expression) so I am not sure how to read that and store it in the string. Aug 14, 2017 · I keep getting the argument 1 cannot convert from 'string' to System. byteLength(string[, encoding]) method. The method returns a ReadableStream Object. Stream. Encoding. Buffer. I cannot find a good pattern to implement the stream. Node has a few very useful built-in transform streams. js can be confusing. ' Reset the stream otherwise you will just get an empty string. Encoding defaults to 'utf8'. Sep 13, 2023 · The class template std::basic_stringstream implements input and output operations on string based streams. js v10, you can also use asynchronous iteration to read a file asynchronously. Call the returned stream's pipeTo() method to pipe the blob's data to a writable Implementations of this method read a maximum of buffer. The "Underlying source" on the left below is the data being generated in the mocked source, while the column on the right is log from the consumer. str ()- To get and set string object whose May 10, 2024 · The following example shows a synchronous read operation within a console app. 0 Documentation. Write the output to the console. The easiest way to derive a StringStream from MemoryStream is by taking advantage of its constructer that accepts the byte array of data contained within the However, creating a stream from a string turned out to be pretty simple. createReadStream('/path/' + 'myfile. createReadStream(- create stream to read data from (file in our case), /var/www/examples/test. Note that while all parameters are technically optional, omitting the underlyingSource will result in a stream that has no source, and that can't be read from (readers return a You can then create streams from the following elements: the characters of a string; the lines of a text file; the elements created by splitting a string of characters with a regular expressions; a random variable, that can create a stream of random numbers. toString (Apache Utils) String result = IOUtils. Create a StreamReader instance. So, in this article, we are going to learn how to use streams with HttpClient while sending requests and reading the content from responses. GetChunks()) await streamWriter. Default: 'utf8' Returns: <Promise> Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists. writeFile when it comes to very large amounts of data. It is commonly used in parsing inputs and converting strings to numbers, and vice-versa. Using a StreamReader to convert the MemoryStream to a String. Array of non-strings to stream. push(buf) push each chunk into array. Approach: Get the collection. chunks. InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(Charset. GetBytes(myPage); repo. var repo = new System. Converting With Java 8 – BufferedReader. Apr 22, 2024 · Newly available. ReadToEnd(); // Do something with the value } May 14, 2016 · According to the Node. getBytes()); Covert base64 image to a stream. Flush(); stream. This methods can be used in conjunction with a writable stream, including the fs. encode(myString). Jun 30, 2021 · But I don't want to read the entire file from beginning to end but parts of it say from line number 1 to 10000, 20000 to 30000, etc. 0. public class CsvParser. public static System. createReadStream(). Construct a Sequential Stream from the collection using Collection. const readStream = new Readable(); readStream. Below is the implementation of the above approach: Program: Jan 8, 2024 · The mapping process involves converting the integer values to their respective character equivalents first. But you can pass the image as a stream in other ways. ToString()))); This will result in two unnecessary allocations and copies of the data being made in memory (one by sb. createReadStream uses the same encoding parameters that accepted by Buffer. The first parameter is our string, while the second parameter is an optional character encoding instance. js APIs operate exclusively on strings, <Buffer>, <TypedArray> and <DataView> objects: Strings and Buffers are the most common types used with streams. It returns a stream of the file's content when the open operation completes. pipe(csv({headers: false, separator: ';',})) . 1. json file next to my index. var array = stream. js developers before you, even experts. We’ll also look at how to convert a string array to map using Stream API. Streams are very stateful, so how they function can depend on the mode they're in. To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. Otherwise file won't upload. May 3, 2021 · fs. svg'); if I replace the "filename" with "5140392659851df70b000001", it works: var readstream = gfs. Using InputStream. By default, this method utilizes the UTF-8 encoding. ReadObject(bucket_name, object_name); std::string line; Feb 2, 2024 · Its primary purpose is to accept and pass the data currently stored only as a string into a method. The package. OutputStream is an abstract class. “Streams are hard”. txt = "foo\nbar\nbaz". We’ll examine what do these words like “output” and “stream” mean in more details as we go along. Feb 19, 2021 · A writable stream is a destination into which you can write data, represented in JavaScript by a WritableStream object. In the example below, I made the following changes: Initialize the readable stream with {objectMode: true} fs. This works: var bytes = new byte[n]; stream. FromBase64String(base64StringData)); Nov 7, 2017 · If the data coming out of the file is already 'binary' encoding, then set the readStream encoding to 'binary' using setEncoding() and concatenate all of the chunks into a single string and return that. GetString(array, 0, array. 4. StreammemStream=newMemoryStream(Convert. js Readable Streams Explained. createReadStream(graphPath Instead of materializing the data in a list, you can iterate over it, which is more memory light: # from StringIO import StringIO # Python 2 import. Then we can use String. Open original or edit on Github. . When you write a TypedArray or DataView to a stream, Node. String str = "String contents". The data type will also be the same as what we pass in as the first argument. Jan 8, 2024 · Java 8 has introduced a new Stream API that lets us process data in a declarative manner. asyncIterator, which enables the for-await-of loop to iterate over their chunks. _writableState. Similar to other stream-based classes, StringStream in C++ allows performing insertion, extraction, and other operations. Oct 18, 2012 · I need to convert a String to System. For converting InputStream to String, read the linked article. Get-FileHash command (using its -InputStream parameter). May 23, 2017 · The last objectToString stream accepts an object but pushes out a string, and that’s why we only needed a writableObjectMode flag there. Aug 18, 2018 · The fs. createReadStream() to return a Promise that resolves to a utf-8 encoded String. std::string const& object_name) {. Namely, the zlib and Mar 11, 2024 · With stream() and the returned ReadableStream, you gain several interesting capabilities: Call getReader() on the returned stream to get an object to use to read the data from the blob using methods such as the ReadableStreamDefaultReader interface's read() method. pipeThrough() Sep 19, 2023 · Note: This fetch operation is mocked for the purpose of demonstration, and just returns a ReadableStream that generates random chunks of text. push(null);}. Usage of the example above Node’s built-in transform streams. The data is written to the stream via a writer, one chunk at a time. Length bytes from the current stream and store them in buffer. Readable streams have a property whose key is Symbol. GetString(bytes); In my benchmarking I see considerable time spent collecting garbage in the form of Apr 21, 2022 · Learn to convert a String into InputStream using ByteArrayInputStream and IOUtils classes. str(); // str == "This is a number: 42" Otherwise, you can only generally read stuff from an istream. WriteAsync(chunk); N. UTF8)) { string value = reader. 0 System. – Oct 20, 2022 · Writing text to a file by using a stream (4 steps) First, open the file by calling the StorageFile. js processes Oct 11, 2021 · The createReadStream () method is an inbuilt application programming interface of fs module which allow you to open up a file/stream and read the data present in it. Here is a code example. stringify(u)); readStream. It appears you are trying to pass the file content to fs. Let’s see how we can make use of it to convert an InputStream to a String: String originalString = randomAlphabetic(DEFAULT_SIZE); InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream (originalString. Syntax: fs. get. It’s the same as the first argument of createReadStream(). createReadStream(file) . 2. After working with them for a bit while writing Aug 26, 2017 · The first argument to fs. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment . csv"; var fileContents = Parse(csvData); Feb 21, 2014 · An (arguably) better practice - separate construction and initialisation. XmlReaderSettings settings, System. Using ByteArrayInputStream Jan 5, 2024 · 3. The ReadableStream() constructor creates and returns a readable stream object from the given handlers. C#. ReadWrite); a UTF8 MemoryStream to String conversion: Use ToArray () instead. The method requires a valid path to a file to read from as a string type. push(null); Please find the request object which i pass for multi user file upload. foreach (ReadOnlyMemory<char> chunk in stringBuilder. on('data', (row) =&gt; { As you can see, I need to write base64 string to a file and then grab it with fs. out. ASCII. createReadStream() creates a Readable that is getting its data from a file. It effectively stores an instance of std::basic_string and performs the input and output operations on it. array()); Please see ByteArrayInputStream manual. The best is read, which uses less than 20MB (twice the chunk size). The stringstream class is extremely useful in parsing input. createReadStream() must be the file path. UTF8. toString(new InputStreamReader(. gcs::ObjectReadStream stream = client. Jul 27, 2017 · So I am trying to serialize and deserialize an IReadOnlyList&lt;InkStroke&gt; from Windows. The string stream associates a string object with a string. I initially tried using the string-to-stream npm package. code: Jun 15, 2016 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand And I wrote some performance tests (see results below): Ways to convert an InputStream to a String: Using IOUtils. It can be hooked to lots of different types of sources of the data. readAllBytes() (Since Java 9) The InputStream. The file contents are read and stored in a string variable, which is then written to the console. From the Node Buffer Docs: 'binary' - A way of encoding the buffer into a one-byte (i. fs. Any help would be greatly appreciated. ab oy bn nu pt ij zt yy sg ob  Banner