How to show percentage in pie chart pandas using matplotlib. Dec 14, 2020 · The matplotlib.

If not None, is a len(x) array which specifies the fraction of the radius with which Apr 14, 2024 · 1. If your readers are not accustomed to complex charts, a pie chart is still a good option to communicate the information. Customize labels, explode, and other parameters as needed. rcParams['font. The resulting pie will have an empty wedge of size 1 - sum(x). Creating a pie chart is very similar to creating a line chart, only instead of using the . This calls plt. 5, 1) together with the location "center left" ; i. DataFrame({ 'Sex': ['female', 'male', 'female'], 'Smoke': [1, 1, 1]}) As you can see the pie chart draws one piece (called a wedge) for each value in the array (in this case [35, 25, 25, 15]). 2f' % pct) if pct > 20 else '' Plot with matplotlib. DataFrame. sin(x) Then, create a pie chart using the pie function: Jul 12, 2021 · Customize data labels in pandas pie chart. pyplot. How can I do this without radically modifying the code that I used to generate the graph? Jan 24, 2021 · For data distribution. I want to plot the column in terms of a pie chart, where percentage of only 1 and 0 will be shown. I have to plot pie-chart and a table side by side using matplotlib. If this does not work well, another option is to add a Feb 2, 2018 · I have created a matplotlib pie chart: df. the left central point of the legend will be at the left central point of the bounding box, spanning from (1, 0) to (1. To add labels, pass a list of labels to the labels parameter. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. pyplot as plt import numpy as np x = np. Example 1: Using matplotlib. You can use pandas. The wedges of the Pie chart is returned as: patches: A sequence/ list of patches wedge instances texts: A list of the label Text instances. xaxis. The data I'm going to use is the same as the other article Pandas DataFrame Plot - Bar Chart. I've looked into matplotlib and bokeh, but the most similar thing I've found so far is the bokeh Donut chart example, using a deprecated chart, which I don't know how to extrapolate for more than 2 levels. Pass a function or format string to autopct to label slices. To display the figure, use show() method. iloc[:, :-1]. . set_major_formatter(mtick. eg. You need to craft a new dataframe. Sep 1, 2016 · #df is dataframe with 6 rows, with each row index being the label of the sector plt. Here we use the axes coordinates (1, 0, 0. plot and kind='bar' See this answer for more documentation and examples using the . iloc[i[0]%len(df),i[0]//len(df)] i[0] += 1. You'll learn to use parameters such as autopct, textprops, colors, startangle, counterclock, labeldistance, pctdistance, shadow, and explode. Dec 26, 2021 · The area of the slices is equal to the percentage of the parts of the data. This is nice if you have data from 0. It can be created using the pie() method. Simply tell matplotlib that you are working on separate figures, and then show them simultaneously: import matplotlib. 1. Sep 23, 2021 · I was trying to create a pie chart with percentages next to the graph. Nov 26, 2020 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand Jul 19, 2015 · Say you start with: import pandas as pd from matplotlib. Then sums them up using groupby. char. The wedge sizes. The total value of the pie is always 100 percent. 0)) This will display values from 0 to 5 on a scale of 0% to 100%. Just do PercentFormatter(1. Jun 20, 2020 · I have to plot pie chart with %age values, I am facing a problem that some value are very small and their %age is about zero, when I plot using matplotlib in python, therir labels overlab and they are not readable. Add the following at the top of your script: import matplotlib as mpl mpl. pie: "Sales", "Sales", "Technology"]}) Output: Just to add to @Chris answer. pie. This function wraps matplotlib. pie (subplots=True, labeldistance=None, legend=True) From the docs: labeldistance: float or None, optional, default: 1. How do you show values in a pie chart in Oct 8, 2015 · disk usage chart. text() function. Then how a pie chart can be formed for say 1st row values ie values 123456,98765in pandas ?. plot() and call set_major_formatter() after that! df. You can plot a pie chart in matplotlib using the pyplot’s pie() function. Feb 17, 2021 · 2. Jan 18, 2022 · 1. axes. matplotlib - pie Matplotlib uses the default color cycler to color each wedge and automatically orders the wedges and plots them counter-clockwise. Plot the pie chart using df. pie(data, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, shadow=False May 19, 2021 · According to the docs pctdistance controls the "ratio between the center of each pie slice and the start of the text generated by autopct", and it has a default value of 0. We can use the following arguments to customize the appearance of the pie chart: autopct: Display percentages in pie chart Jul 24, 2022 · Let's explore how to use Matplotlib function pie() to draw pie charts with customized colors, text, and percent labels. PercentFormatter()) PercentFormatter() accepts three arguments, xmax, decimals, symbol. ax. Import necessary libraries: import pandas as pd and import matplotlib. In the example below, we first create a pie chart with px,pie, using some of its options such as hover_data (which columns should appear in the hover) or labels (renaming column names). Knowing your audience is a must. I think its one solution is to avoid values with zero %age and second is to seprate labels to overlap (with some arrow etc. Override Matplotlib pie chart percentage labels to a specific value that doesn't sum to 100%. So you only would need to provide a function that returns an empty string for the values you want to omit the percentage. Example 1: Pie Chart with Pastel Seaborn Color Palette. If you're looking for a percentage instead of the actual value you can use this parameter df["department"]. plot(). subplots() ax. 0. We can extract the appropriate labels from the MultiIndex with its get_level_values() method: inner_labels = inner. For example, let’s use the following data about the status of tasks: Jul 11, 2015 · ax. We'll first generate some fake data, corresponding to three groups. Jan 30, 2022 · This post shows how to easily plot this dataset with an y axis formatted as percent. The syntax is given below: matplotlib. array(['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun Dec 2, 2015 · The autopct argument from pie can be a callable, which will receive the current percentage. How can I fix this so that the percentages are visible? You can use the pctdistance and labeldistance attributes in ax. How do you plot a pie chart? Use Matplotlib’s pie() function, passing data, labels, and other optional parameters to create a pie chart in Python. Jan 23, 2023 · by Zach Bobbitt January 23, 2023. This overwrites the apple and banana values with vegetable. pie(sizes, labels=labels) Each slice of the pie chart is a patches. autotexts: A list of Text instances for the numeric labels. Jan 10, 2024 · Q. Dec 23, 2021 · Creating Pie Charts with Python Matplotlib. Here's an example of how to do it: First, import the necessary libraries: import matplotlib. There are a couple of ways you can change the font size of the labels. bar_label, which is thoroughly described in How to add value labels on a bar chart. Data and Imports import pandas as pd # load the dataframe from the OP and set the x-axis column as the index df = df. return a. Here’s an example adapted from the matplotlib gallery: shadow=True, startangle=90) ax1. df_grouped. For your need, you must replace: patches, texts = plt. It gives you good styling and correct axis labels for free. The slices of pie are called wedges. #corresponding color-label pairs. If you're looking to plot a piechart from a DataFrame, and want to display the actual values instead of percentages, you could reformat autopct like so: values=df['your_column']. pie(sizes[1:], labels=labels[1:], colors=[colours[key] for key in labels[1:]]) This works to create the plot: Here we see that the labels are represented by the same colours across both plots, as desired. As a title, I would like the name of the group, and each has pie plot the name of the person, and inside the graph May 12, 2021 · You can store the index and values of your df2 in string format and use it as your plt. size'] = 9. May 6, 2015 · Using pandas you can still use the matplotlib. Matplotlib maintains a handy visual reference guide to ColorMaps in its docs. my_column. You can use one of the following methods to plot the values produced by the value_counts() function: Method 1: Plot Value Counts in Descending Order. #create histogram, using percentages instead of counts. pie() plt. The dataframe that I am working off of contains percentages the correspond to each of the pie chart sections. Matplotlib’s function pie() needs only two parameters to draw a pie chart: labels: the categorical labels. 1. The most straightforward way to build a pie chart is to use the pie method. However, it only changes the font-size of the percentage labels inside pie, and the labels outside remain un-affected. We can make an interactive pie chart to improve a typical one. subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2 Jan 13, 2020 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. index. see above # dont use values inside a list as column values for a dataframe browser2 = {} [browser2. Parameters: x1D array-like. pyplot as plt import csv df = pd. Alternatively you can put the legends beside the pie graph: import matplotlib. plot function. set_facecolor('lightgrey') or. Example Jan 17, 2018 · a = df. update_traces to set other parameters of the chart (you can also use fig. pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, pctdistance=0. Series(browser2) y = pd. plot() Nov 8, 2013 · Maybe add these information to the legend. bar_label(container) I would like to format the values as percentages. pie(s, colors=plt. show() function. The first thing you need is to import the Matplotlib and other relevant libraries like Pandas, Numpy and their sub modules. Prerequisites. plt. plot. axis('equal') This gets rid of the tilt from the pie chart. There are two different ways to display the values of each bar in a bar chart in matplotlib - Using matplotlib. 0f}'. text() function: This functio 3. plot (kind=' pie ', y=' points ') Example 2: Create Custom Pie Chart. I would like to display those percentages as data labels rather than the percent values of the totals of Jul 26, 2018 · This is more easily implemented with matplotlib. colors) plt Apr 22, 2021 · Reformed 2. The wedges are plotted counterclockwise, by default starting from the x-axis. Plot a pie chart of animals and label the slices. ¶. For further tuning, we call fig. We can use the legend's bbox_to_anchor argument to position the legend outside of the pie. Check out Plot types to get an overview of the types of plots you can create with Matplotlib. pie(<actual_values>, colors = colors, autopct= lambda x: '{:. bar_label method. If you have lots of categories it can be cumbersome to manually set a colour for each category Mar 14, 2019 · I have a pie chart that looks like: I tried increasing the font size using textprops={'fontsize': 18}). 5) would create donuts (pie charts with holes in the center). figure(1) # Create second chart here. May 24, 2019 · The pie chart does not 'know' that you want all items with same product name grouped and summed over in your chart. pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1. Matplotlib is a powerful visualization library in python and comes up with a number of different charting options. The following code shows how to create a pie chart using the ‘pastel‘ Seaborn color palette: Oct 26, 2021 · In this article, we can create a pie chart to show our daily activities, i. pie(sizes, counterclock=False, colors=colors, startangle=-270) answered Feb 6, 2018 Jun 13, 2021 · I encourage you to checkout the matplotlib documentation for pie charts There’s an ax. sum (). In the outer circle, we'll plot them as members of their From matplotlib 3. Plot a pie chart. groupby(["Product Name;"]). Jul 18, 2016 · Use this if you want to create quicker arrangements of subplots. value_counts (). The following is the syntax: import matplotlib. Next, gather the data for the pie chart. This will only be returned if the parameter autopct is None. 6, which causes the percentage values to be inside the pie. The chart's plotting can be aided by using the code template below: The full code for our example would seem as follows: Output: Step 3: Design the Chart The pie chart can be further customized by including: Start angle. We’ll iterate only 8 rows in this example so we’re using table. set_index('activity', inplace=True) print(df) # hours. In addition to hashcode55's code: When you want to avoid making multiple DataFrames, I recommend to assign integers to your feature-column and iterate through those. Mar 29, 2022 · 1. from matplotlib. Feb 8, 2023 · I have a dataframe df, which has many columns. In matplotlib, the pie () function is used to create a pie chart. 0). May 12, 2020 · But for some really low percentages the the slices and percentages prints are way too small to see, because they overlap with the other really small percentages. import matplotlib. pie (data, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, shadow=False) Example: Python3. pie returns the wedges and lists of text objects for the labels and the percentages. pie(y='column_name') Example: import pandas as pd. containers: ax. Dec 14, 2020 · The matplotlib. Sep 30, 2022 · Pie Chart. Sep 8, 2022 · Even though a pie chart has some drawbacks, as previously mentioned, we can not deny that it is easy to understand. If you want a specific order in the pie plot, you have to sort the pandas series generated by your value counts: import matplotlib. Q. iloc[:,0], labels= df. sum()/100), startangle=90) Jun 24, 2015 · You could also use countplot from seaborn. argsort()] # Draw the bar chart. update Plot a pie chart. Next, create some data to plot: x = np. groupby ([' team ']). Nov 4, 2021 · I picked an arbitrary cutoff point of 20. Mar 3, 2021 · The following code is for creating a pie chart that shows the number of purchases made by each person from the "Shipping Address Name" column. pyplot import pie, axis, show df = pd. Similarly I want to plot another pie chart where percentage of 1,0 and blank/N. DataFrame({'activity': ['Work', 'Sleep', 'Play'], 'hours': [8, 10, 6]}) df. I am able to do this in a count plot but unable to do it in a pie chart - COUNT PLOT: sns. bar_label; Modified from this answer, which has a different calculation, and a different label format. pie keyword labeldistance to remove the wedge labels. This package builds on pandas to create a high level plotting interface. DataFrame(data, columns=['mark', 'name', 'group', 'meeting', 'present']) I would like to get a pie graph for each group, where each person in it will be plotted his grades 'N' as a percentage of the rest of the grades. After that you can just use your regular pie chart code. Steps to customize pie plot. pie() method, we can create a pie chart with the given different data sets for different activities. pyplot as plt. We’ll use the for loop to iterate rows and create a pie chart for each of them. EventLogs. Add a legend using plt. Nov 14, 2021 · 6. The radial distance at which the pie labels are drawn. In df["house_electricity"], there are values like 1,0 or blank/NA. Make a pie chart of array x. In this case, pie takes values corresponding to counts in a group. 5, 1) in axes coordinates. 4. ticker import PercentFormatter. colors=[colours[key] for key in labels]) ax[1]. Assuming your counts are sorted in descending order (if not, use df. The 'labels' list contains the name of each person and the 'purchases' list contain the number of purchases each person has made. set_index('Airport') # calculate the percent for each row per = df. pie(sizes, colors=colors, startangle=-270) with: patches, texts = plt. With this class you can do as follows to set the axis: import matplotlib. update({key : val[0]}) for key, val in amount_of_TP_ner_tags. Let's make the pie a bit bigger just by increasing figsize and also use the autopct argument to show the percent value inside each piece of the pie. yaxis. 0. wedgeprops=dict (width=. gca(). desired_colormap_name. sort_values(x) z = pd. Jul 24, 2022 · Let’s draw our first pie chart to do that. pie(x) function that makes a pie chart of array x, corresponding to the wedge sizes . plot(kind='bar', x='day') And now, we use the same ordering technique to order the rows of the pivot table (instead of the rows created by groupby). pie () functions return a pie chart plot in Python. Use legend() method to avoid overlapping of labels and autopct. pie() function. The area of slices of the pie represents the percentage of the parts of the data. Syntax: matplotlib. Using plt. Step 2: Gather the Data for the Pie Chart. By default the plotting of the first wedge starts from the x-axis and moves counterclockwise: Note: The size of each wedge is determined by comparing the value with all the other values, by using this formula: Oct 18, 2015 · This example shows a basic pie chart with labels optional features, like autolabeling the percentage, offsetting a slice with "explode", adding a shadow, and changing the starting angle. And then remove the percentage text objects. format(x*values. fig, ax = plt. Plot the DataFrame directly with pandas. The DataFrame has 9 records: 14. ). Jan 5, 2022 · When not plotting straight from pandas, pie uses the colors argument, which takes a list of color codes. For example, the population corresponding to each age group. get_level_values(1) Now you can turn the above values into one-dimensional arrays and plug them into your plot calls: import matplotlib. sum() This sets the product name column as index of the df so change your product_data column selection to this: Apr 24, 2023 · In this article, I'll show you how to create a bar chart, a pie chart, and a line plot to explain how you can do data visualization using Matplotlib. This post is based on our previous work on Matplotlib custom SI-prefix unit tick formatter: Note that for pandas, you need to first call df. Oct 10, 2014 · This is a few months late, but I have created PR#6251 with matplotlib to add a new PercentFormatter class. 1f%%') By default, the label values are obtained from the percent size of the slice. 0 Jul 17, 2019 · pie chart show percentage of specific values. 2, use matplotlib. change the plot background color to a different color. Jul 4, 2021 · In this article, we are going to see how to display the value of each bar in a bar chart using Matplotlib. pyplot as plt import pandas as pd s = pd. linspace(0, 10, 100) y = np. Pie Chart is a great way of representing data which is a part of a whole. plot() internally, so to integrate the object-oriented approach, we need to get an explicit reference to the current Axes with ax = plt. We will assume that 1. The only real pandas call we’re making here is ma. Feb 2, 2024 · A pie chart requires a list of categories and numerical variables. plot (kind=' bar ') Customizing a pie chart created with px. value_counts(normalize=True). May 15, 2019 · import pandas as pd import matplotlib. Label or position of the column to plot. If no column reference is passed and subplots=True a pie plot is drawn for each numerical column independently. I tried codes which are given on internet as: Jun 16, 2022 · 1. axis('equal') # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle. items()] x = pd. Putting it all together (besides the special chars - I had some problems activating TeX), try the following code: # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-. Customize data labels in (Source code, 2x. Series([1,2,3,4,5]) plt. I'm also using Jupyter Notebook to plot them. I would like to only plot the top 10 countries by values (by highest %) and within the plot, calculate the remaining countries % value and give it df_grouped = df_grouped. If you want to remove this tilt, then you can specify the line, plt. pie(df. plot(kind='pie', ). colors. As you can see, the sectors kitchen & entertainment are very small. x: the number of occurrences for each label. To plot a pie chart pie () function will be used. xmax allows you to set the value that corresponds to 100% on the axis. value_counts with pandas. countplot(x="LoanStatus",data=df) EXPECTED: A pie chart showing how many values are there with both the loan status along with the percentage. Wedge object; therefore in addition to Jul 20, 2021 · The following examples show how to use this syntax in practice. DataFrame(y) fig, axes = plt. pie() for the specified column. PercentFormatter(5. A pie plot is a proportional representation of the numerical data in a column. df. Whether you’re just getting to know a dataset or preparing to publish your findings, visualization is an essential tool. sort_values(by='Count', inplace=True) ): ignore_index=True) Example (N=10, N=5): Percentages in the legend: output: Thank you. Next, use Matplotlib to plot the pie chart. value_counts(dropna=True) plt. png, png) If a plot does not show up please check Troubleshooting. df_result2 is a table with the list of Sep 6, 2022 · I am looking to plot this in a pie chart showing 60% of loan status is fully paid while 40% is defaulted. fig. 5 3. explodearray-like, default: None. If sum(x) < 1, then the values of x give the fractional area directly and the array will not be normalized. Python3. Parameters: yint or label, optional. You could loop through the labels and percentages, and append the percentage text to the label text. I am surprised that I have not found a duplicate for this presumably common question. pie() method. This is shown in this example and explained in the documentation. legend() and display the plot with plt. assign the labels in a variable named legend and use it later). Pie chart is a circular chart used to display only one series of data. cm. To specify fractions direction of the pie chart, you must set the counterclock parameter to True or False (value is True by default). show() For drawing a table, I use the below code: %%chart table --fields MachineName --data df_result2. df=pd. iloc[key. DataFrame({. In the inner circle, we'll treat each number as belonging to its own group. import pandas as pd. g. e. colors = ['#99f3bd', '#fbaccc', '#a8df65', '#ff7b54'] . Jan 26, 2023 · I'm creating a pie-chart according to the matplotlib-demo: To show both percentage and total: Pandas pie plot actual values for multiple graphs. plot() method, we use the . If you want the percentages in each wedge, then use the autopct keyword argument when calling the pie () function. Even if you’re at the beginning of your pandas journey, you’ll soon be creating basic plots Sep 10, 2022 · I currently made a bar chart using a dataframe that labels the bars with their values, which outputs this: ax = df. Series. Jun 26, 2020 · amount_of_TP_ner_tags # this is the dictionary I want to plot. A all will be there. df = pd. autopct: [ None | format string | format function ] If not None, is a string or function used to label the wedges with their numeric value. import numpy as np. Use matplotlib. Sep 24, 2021 · We can use the following syntax to create a pie chart that displays the portion of total points scored by each team: df. Shadow. Create a Simple Pie Chart Using Pandas DataFrame Jan 5, 2020 · matplotlib. 0 and you want to display it from 0% to 100%. Python’s popular data analysis library, pandas, provides several different options for visualizing your data with . pyplot as plt import numpy as np. We then show the plot using the plt. The label inside the plot was a result of radius=1. pie Jan 5, 2020 · In addition to the basic pie chart, this demo shows a few optional features: Note about the custom start angle: The default startangle is 0, which would start the "Frogs" slice on the positive x-axis. Prepare your data in a pandas DataFrame. Use pie() method to plot a pie chart with slices, colors, and slices data points as a label. Axes. You can dynamically changet the rc settings. For example: import matplotlib. show(). Mar 21, 2024 · The dataset used in the following examples is shown below : Procedure: The procedure to draw Stacked Percentage Bar Chart is the following steps which are described below with examples : 1. index) #plot the first column of dataframe as a pie chart It generates a pie chart like this: Pie Chart with the 6 sectors. Draw a stacked bar chart using data (dataset, dictionary, etc. Apr 4, 2020 · This article provides examples about plotting pie chart using pandas. 6, shadow=False, Oct 10, 2020 · df = pd. show() This answer was posted as an edit to the question How to create a pie chart using matplotlib from csv by the OP plshelpme_ under CC BY-SA 4. The fractional area of each wedge is given by x/sum(x). In our example, it’ll be the age groups. Sep 25, 2022 · Step 2: Utilize Matplotlib to plot the pie chart. change the textprops color to something different: textprops={'color':"blue", 'size': 10, 'weight':'bold'} You can easily manage the font size, style and color using the textprops argument in the ax. I want to increase fontsize of labels A, B,C etc in above pie chart. legend() labels argument (e. 2. # Create dataframe. read_csv('clean_soccer. value_counts(). pie(subplots=True, figsize=(12, 6),autopct=absolute_value) plt. 00 maps to 100%. Matplotlib will expect a series of data that it should plot. value_counts(sort=False). head (8) instead of table. May 8, 2021 · Create random colors using hexadecimal alphabets, in the range of 20. Jul 16, 2019 · You can either: 1. pie: df. My code: Mar 21, 2022 · To plot a pie chart from a dataframe df you can use Panda's plot. This example sets startangle = 90 such that everything is rotated counter-clockwise by 90 degrees, and the frog slice starts on the positive y-axis. R doesn't display percentages when trying to build a pie chart. Basic Pie Chart. Nov 28, 2022 · You can use the value_counts() function in pandas to count the occurrences of values in a given column of a DataFrame. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. show() The other option is to plot the pie charts individually by looping over the columns. plot(kind='pie', subplots=True, figsize=(6, 4)) My dataframe consists of two columns - Country and Value (% distribution) and has about 25 countries listed. # The slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise. bar() for container in ax. div(df Aug 24, 2021 · legend=True adds the legend; title='Air Termination System' puts a title at the top ylabel='' removes 'Air Termination System' from inside the plot. pyplot as plt labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs' sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10] fig, ax = plt. figure(0) # Create first chart here. so you have to do that first: df = df. In this section, we’ll apply what you learned in the previous sections to create and style a pie chart. ) By default, matplotlib creates pie charts with a tilt. You can take whatever cutoff point you want. Function; def my_autopct(pct): return ('%. Where to go next#. Draw pie charts with a legend. Pastel2. Jul 25, 2018 · If the data is like: one two 123456 98765 456767 45678 123454 87654. This produces the following pie chart shown below. This article will introduce how the Python Pandas library creates a pie chart using a dataframe. You can use the following basic syntax to display percentages on the y-axis of a pandas histogram: import pandas as pd. How do I show percentages in a pie chart using matplotlib? Utilize the autopct parameter in the pie() function to display percentages on the wedges. You can retrieve color codes from some matplotlib colormaps using plt. Aug 4, 2016 · Edit 1. May 16, 2023 · To add percentages in a pie chart in Python, you can use the Matplotlib library. , sleeping, eating, working, and playing. For drawing the pie-chart, I use the below code: import matplotlib. Make a list of labels (those are overlapped using autopct). csv') df['sentiment']. pie(x, labels) There are several ways to do this, and the simplest is to use multiple figure numbers. I am trying to create a python pie chart from a dataframe with customized data labels. df1. ticker as mtick # Actual plotting code omitted ax. 0 to 1. sk ea xc at qf xl mn fq mg qv